摘要:本篇IOS应用开发教程将为大家讲解IOS编程的知识点,看完这篇文章会让你对IOS编程的知识点有更加清晰的理解和运用。
本篇IOS应用开发教程将为大家讲解IOS编程的知识点,看完这篇文章会让你对IOS编程的知识点有更加清晰的理解和运用。
1、UIGestureRecognizer 介绍
手势识别在 iOS 中非常重要,他极大地提高了移动设备的使用便捷性。
iOS 系统在 3.2 以后,他提供了一些常用的手势(UIGestureRecognizer 的子类),开发者可以直接使用他们进行手势操作。
· UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动)
· UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)
· UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)
· UITapGestureRecognizer(点按)
· UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)
· UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)
另外,可以通过继承 UIGestureRecognizer 类,实现自定义手势(手势识别器类)。
PS:自定义手势时,需要 #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>,一般需实现如下方法:
1 - (void)reset;2 3 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;4 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;5 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;6 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;7 //以上方法在分类 UIGestureRecognizer (UIGestureRecognizerProtected) 中声明,更多方法声明请自行查看
UIGestureRecognizer 的继承关系如下:
2、手势状态
在六种手势识别中,只有一种手势是离散型手势,他就是 UITapGestureRecognizer。
离散型手势的特点就是:一旦识别就无法取消,而且只会调用一次手势操作事件(初始化手势时指定的回调方法)。
换句话说其他五种手势是连续型手势,而连续型手势的特点就是:会多次调用手势操作事件,而且在连续手势识别后可以取消手势。从下图可以看出两者调用操作事件的次数是不同的:
手势状态枚举如下:
1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {2 UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible, // 尚未识别是何种手势操作(但可能已经触发了触摸事件),默认状态3 UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan, // 手势已经开始,此时已经被识别,但是这个过程中可能发生变化,手势操作尚未完成4 UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged, // 手势状态发生转变5 UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded, // 手势识别操作完成(此时已经松开手指)6 UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, // 手势被取消,恢复到默认状态7 UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed, // 手势识别失败,恢复到默认状态8 UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手势识别完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded9 };
· 对于离散型手势 UITapGestureRecgnizer 要么被识别,要么失败,点按(假设点按次数设置为1,并且没有添加长按手势)下去一次不松开则此时什么也不会发生,松开手指立即识别并调用操作事件,并且状态为3(已完成)。
· 但是连续型手势要复杂一些,就拿旋转手势来说,如果两个手指点下去不做任何操作,此时并不能识别手势(因为我们还没旋转)但是其实已经触发了触摸开始事件,此时处于状态0;如果此时旋转会被识别,也就会调用对应的操作事件,同时状态变成1(手势开始),但是状态1只有一瞬间;紧接着状态变为2(因为我们的旋转需要持续一会),并且重复调用操作事件(如果在事件中打印状态会重复打印2);松开手指,此时状态变为3,并调用1次操作事件。
3、使用手势的步骤
使用手势很简单,分为三步:
1. 创建手势识别器对象实例。创建时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,执行回调方法。
2. 设置手势识别器对象实例的相关属性(可选部分)
3. 添加到需要识别的 View 中。每个手势只对应一个 View,当屏幕触摸在 View 的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会执行回调方法。
PS:一个手势只能对应一个 View,但是一个 View 可以有多个手势。建议在真机上测试这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致认为手势失效的情况。(模拟器测试捏合和旋转手势时,按住 option 键,再用触摸板或鼠标操作)
4、举例说明
功能描述:
附加到两个图片视图 UIImageView 的有『拖动』、『捏合』、『旋转』、『点按』;
而『轻扫』和『自定义手势 KMGestureRecognizer』附加在根视图 UIView 中。
1. 拖动:进行当前图片视图位置移动
2. 捏合:进行当前图片视图缩放
3. 旋转:进行当前图片视图角度旋转
4. 点按:双击恢复当前图片视图的缩放、角度旋转、不透明度
5. 长按:设置当前图片视图的不透明度为0.7
6. 轻扫:左右轻扫设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以垂直居中的特定偏移量定位
7. 自定义手势:挠痒功能,左右扫动共3次或以上,设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以水平居中的特定偏移量定位
效果如下:
KMGestureRecognizer.h
1 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
2
3 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, Direction) {
4 DirectionUnknown,
5 DirectionLeft,
6 DirectionRight
7 };
8
9 @interface KMGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer10 @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger tickleCount; //挠痒次数11 @property (assign, nonatomic) CGPoint currentTickleStart; //当前挠痒开始坐标位置12 @property (assign, nonatomic) Direction lastDirection; //最后一次挠痒方向13 14 @end
KMGestureRecognizer.m
1 #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"
2 #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
3
4 @implementation KMGestureRecognizer
5 #define kMinTickleSpacing 20.0
6 #define kMaxTickleCount 3
7
8 - (void)reset {
9 _tickleCount = 0;10 _currentTickleStart = CGPointZero;11 _lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;12 13 if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {14 self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;15 }16 }17 18 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {19 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];20 _currentTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; //设置当前挠痒开始坐标位置21 }22 23 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {24 //『当前挠痒开始坐标位置』和『移动后坐标位置』进行 X 轴值比较,得到是向左还是向右移动25 UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];26 CGPoint tickleEnd = [touch locationInView:self.view];27 CGFloat tickleSpacing = tickleEnd.x - _currentTickleStart.x;28 Direction currentDirection = tickleSpacing < 0 ? DirectionLeft : DirectionRight;29 30 //移动的 X 轴间距值是否符合要求,足够大31 if (ABS(tickleSpacing) >= kMinTickleSpacing) {32 //判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法33 if (_lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||34 (_lastDirection == DirectionLeft && currentDirection == DirectionRight) ||35 (_lastDirection == DirectionRight && currentDirection == DirectionLeft)) {36 _tickleCount++;37 _currentTickleStart = tickleEnd;38 _lastDirection = currentDirection;39 40 if (_tickleCount >= kMaxTickleCount && self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {41 self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded;42 //NSLog(@"自定义手势成功,将执行回调方法");43 }44 }45 }46 }47 48 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {49 [self reset];50 }51 52 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {53 [self reset];54 }55 56 @end
ViewController.h
1 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>2 #import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"3 4 @interface ViewController : UIViewController5 @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV;6 @property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV2;7 @property (strong, nonatomic) KMGestureRecognizer *customGestureRecognizer;8 9 @end
ViewController.m
1 #import "ViewController.h"
2
3 @interface ViewController ()
4 - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
5 - (void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
6 - (void)handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
7 - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
8 - (void)handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
9 - (void)handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
10 - (void)handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
11
12 - (void)bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
13 - (void)bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
14 - (void)bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
15 - (void)bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
16 - (void)bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
17 - (void)bindSwipe;
18 - (void)bingCustomGestureRecognizer;
19 - (void)layoutUI;
20 @end
21
22 @implementation ViewController
23
24 - (void)viewDidLoad {
25 [super viewDidLoad];
26
27 [self layoutUI];
28 }
29
30 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
31 [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
32 // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
33 }
34
35 #pragma mark - 处理手势操作
36 /**
37 * 处理拖动手势
38 *
39 * @param recognizer 拖动手势识别器对象实例
40 */
41 - (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
42 //视图前置操作
43 [recognizer.view.superview bringSubviewToFront:recognizer.view];
44
45 CGPoint center = recognizer.view.center;
46 CGFloat cornerRadius = recognizer.view.frame.size.width / 2;
47 CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
48 //NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translation));
49 recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x + translation.x, center.y + translation.y);
50 [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
51
52 if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
53 //计算速度向量的长度,当他小于200时,滑行会很短
54 CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
55 CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
56 CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
57 //NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); //e.g. 397.973175, slideMult: 1.989866
58
59 //基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
60 float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult;
61 CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
62 center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
63 //限制最小[cornerRadius]和最大边界值[self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius],以免拖动出屏幕界限
64 finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, cornerRadius),
65 self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius);
66 finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, cornerRadius),
67 self.view.bounds.size.height - cornerRadius);
68
69 //使用 UIView 动画使 view 滑行到终点
70 [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2
71 delay:0
72 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut
73 animations:^{
74 recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
75 }
76 completion:nil];
77 }
78 }
79
80 /**
81 * 处理捏合手势
82 *
83 * @param recognizer 捏合手势识别器对象实例
84 */
85 - (void)handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
86 CGFloat scale = recognizer.scale;
87 recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, scale, scale); //在已缩放大小基础下进行累加变化;区别于:使用 CGAffineTransformMakeScale 方法就是在原大小基础下进行变化
88 recognizer.scale = 1.0;
89 }
90
91 /**
92 * 处理旋转手势
93 *
94 * @param recognizer 旋转手势识别器对象实例
95 */
96 - (void)handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
97 recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
98 recognizer.rotation = 0.0;
99 }100 101 /**
102 * 处理点按手势
103 *
104 * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例
105 */106 - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {107 UIView *view = recognizer.view;108 view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.0, 1.0);109 view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(0.0);110 view.alpha = 1.0;111 }112 113 /**
114 * 处理长按手势
115 *
116 * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例
117 */118 - (void)handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {119 //长按的时候,设置不透明度为0.7120 recognizer.view.alpha = 0.7;121 }122 123 /**
124 * 处理轻扫手势
125 *
126 * @param recognizer 轻扫手势识别器对象实例
127 */128 - (void)handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {129 //代码块方式封装操作方法130 void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {131 CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;132 newPoint.y -= 20.0;133 _imgV.center = newPoint;134 135 newPoint.y += 40.0;136 _imgV2.center = newPoint;137 };138 139 //根据轻扫方向,进行不同控制140 switch (recognizer.direction) {141 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight: {142 positionOperation();143 break;144 }145 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft: {146 positionOperation();147 break;148 }149 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp: {150 break;151 }152 case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown: {153 break;154 }155 }156 }157 158 /**
159 * 处理自定义手势
160 *
161 * @param recognizer 自定义手势识别器对象实例
162 */163 - (void)handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {164 //代码块方式封装操作方法165 void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {166 CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;167 newPoint.x -= 20.0;168 _imgV.center = newPoint;169 170 newPoint.x += 40.0;171 _imgV2.center = newPoint;172 };173 174 positionOperation();175 }176 177 178 #pragma mark - 绑定手势操作179 /**
180 * 绑定拖动手势
181 *
182 * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
183 */184 - (void)bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {185 UIPanGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self186 action:@selector(handlePan:)];187 [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];188 }189 190 /**
191 * 绑定捏合手势
192 *
193 * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
194 */195 - (void)bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {196 UIPinchGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self197 action:@selector(handlePinch:)];198 [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];199 //[recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:imgVCustom.gestureRecognizers.firstObject];200 }201 202 /**
203 * 绑定旋转手势
204 *
205 * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
206 */207 - (void)bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {208 UIRotationGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self209 action:@selector(handleRotation:)];210 [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];211 }212 213 /**
214 * 绑定点按手势
215 *
216 * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
217 */218 - (void)bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {219 UITapGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self220 action:@selector(handleTap:)];221 //使用一根手指双击时,才触发点按手势识别器222 recognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;223 recognizer.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;224 [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];225 }226 227 /**
228 * 绑定长按手势
229 *
230 * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
231 */232 - (void)bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {233 UILongPressGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleLongPress:)];234 recognizer.minimumPressDuration = 0.5; //设置最小长按时间;默认为0.5秒235 [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];236 }237 238 /**
239 * 绑定轻扫手势;支持四个方向的轻扫,但是不同的方向要分别定义轻扫手势
240 */241 - (void)bindSwipe {242 //向右轻扫手势243 UISwipeGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self244 action:@selector(handleSwipe:)];245 recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight; //设置轻扫方向;默认是 UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight,即向右轻扫246 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];247 [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别248 249 //向左轻扫手势250 recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self251 action:@selector(handleSwipe:)];252 recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;253 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];254 [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别255 }256 257 /**
258 * 绑定自定义挠痒手势;判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法
259 */260 - (void)bingCustomGestureRecognizer {261 //当 recognizer.state 为 UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded 时,才执行回调方法 handleCustomGestureRecognizer:262 263 //_customGestureRecognizer = [KMGestureRecognizer new];264 _customGestureRecognizer = [[KMGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self265 action:@selector(handleCustomGestureRecognizer:)];266 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:_customGestureRecognizer];267 }268 269 - (void)layoutUI {270 //图片视图 _imgV271 UIImage *img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Emoticon_tusiji_icon"];272 CGFloat cornerRadius = img.size.width;273 _imgV = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];274 _imgV.frame = CGRectMake(20.0, 20.0,275 cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2);276 _imgV.userInteractionEnabled = YES;277 _imgV.layer.masksToBounds = YES;278 _imgV.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;279 _imgV.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;280 _imgV.layer.borderColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;281 [self.view addSubview:_imgV];282 283 //图片视图 _imgV2284 img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Emoticon_tusiji_icon2"];285 cornerRadius = img.size.width;286 _imgV2 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];287 _imgV2.frame = CGRectMake(20.0, 40.0 + _imgV.frame.size.height,288 cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2);289 _imgV2.userInteractionEnabled = YES;290 _imgV2.layer.masksToBounds = YES;291 _imgV2.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;292 _imgV2.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;293 _imgV2.layer.borderColor = [UIColor orangeColor].CGColor;294 [self.view addSubview:_imgV2];295 296 297 [self bindPan:_imgV];298 [self bindPinch:_imgV];299 [self bindRotation:_imgV];300 [self bindTap:_imgV];301 [self bindLongPress:_imgV];302 303 [self bindPan:_imgV2];304 [self bindPinch:_imgV2];305 [self bindRotation:_imgV2];306 [self bindTap:_imgV2];307 [self bindLongPress:_imgV2];308 309 //为了处理手势识别优先级的问题,这里需先绑定自定义挠痒手势310 [self bingCustomGestureRecognizer];311 [self bindSwipe];312 }313 314 @end
希望这篇文章可以帮助到你。总之,同学们,你想要的职坐标IOS频道都能找到!
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